What is verb ?
A verb is word that indicates the work of a subject or what the subject of a sentence is doing . Verbs refer to actions, occurances and states of doing .
Example – go, come, read, take, etc
Example of sentences –
They go to school by bus .
I take tea at morning.
Conjugation of Verb – The form of verbs can be changed depending on subjects, tense , mood and voice . This is called conjugation of verb .
As per subject or person – ( Particularly in Present Indefinite tense )
First Person – I do the job .
We do the job .
We use base form of verbs.
Second Person – You can do the job .
We use base form of verb .
Third Person plural number –
They do the job.
We use base form of verbs in that case.
Third Person singular number –
He does the job .
We use s, or es at the end of the main verb .
As per Tense –
Present Tense – Indefinite – I do the job .
Continuous – I am doing the job.
Perfect – I have done the job .
Perfect Continuous – I have been doing the job for two hours .
Past Tense – Indefinite – I did the job .
Continuous – I was doing the job.
Perfect – I had done the job before he reached .
Perfect Continuous – I had been doing the job .
Future Tense – Indefinite – I will do the job.
Continuous – I will be doing the job.
Perfect – I will have done the job.
Perfect Continuous – I will have been doing the job.
As per Mood –
It indicates the tone and intention of a sentence. They are –
1 . Indicative Mood – Express a fact .
Example – He teaches English .
2. Imperative Mood – Express a command or request.
Example – Bring the book .
3 . Interrogative Mood – Ask question.
Example – Can you solve it ?
4 . Conditional Mood – Express a condition.
Example – If he wants help , you can provide .
5 . Subjunctive Mood – Express a demand, wish , doubt or hypothetical situation.
Example – If you tried more , you would have better result .
As per Voice –
Active Voice – I do the job .
Passive Voice – The job is done by me .
Participles–
1 . Past Participles are typically formed by adding suffixes , like – ed , d, en , n etc. There are many other examples also .
Example – I have taken the tea.
2. Present Participle – By adding ing at the end of the verb .
Example – I am taking tea.
Types of Verb –
1 . Base Verbs– These are the main form of verbs without adding any suffix.
Example – I will go there .
You must come here .
2 . Regular Verbs – These are the verbs follow standard conjugation rules . The Simple Past and Past Participle are formed by adding suffixes- ed, d .
Example – The officer visited the workshop.
They lived here.
I have completed the task .
3 . Irregular Verbs – These are the verbs whose Simple Past and Past participle is formed by not adding ed or d at the end of the verb , but by other ways .
Example – I have done the task .
He came to my house yesterday.
4. Action Verbs – It is a verb that shows the action of the subject or what the subject of a sentence is doing .
Example – Rohit went to the market yesterday.
Types of Action Verbs-
i. Mono – transitive Verbs– A verb that requires only one subject and a direct object to form a sentence.
Example – She told a story.
He bought a book.
ii . Transitive Verbs – These verbs act on something or someone and take a direct object .
Example – Rohit conducts survey .
He brings orders .
iii . Intransitive Verbs – These verbs don’t act on something or someone and don’t take direct object. These can be used along with adverb or adverbial phrase .
Example – He performed perfectly.
iv . Ditransitive Verbs – Some verbs have two objects- a direct object and an indirect object. They are called ditransitive .
Example– He gave me a pen 🖊️ .
Here, two objects are – me and a pen .
‘Pen‘ is direct object and ‘me’ is indirect object.
Types of Ditransirive Verbs –
i . Ditransitive Verbs which can be transferred to mono transitive verbs by using ‘to’ –
Example – She has given her the gift.
She has given the gift to her.
ii. Ditransitive Verbs that can be transferred to mono transitive verbs by using ‘for’ –
Example – My mother will buy me a new dress.
My mother will buy a new dress for me.
iii. Ditransitive Verbs that can’t be transferred to mono transitive verbs properly .
Example – He heats the ball a nasty blow.
5.. Linking verbs or Copular Verbs– These verbs connect the subject of a sentence with a subject complement. Some of these are – seem ,feel, become, appear, be verbs ,etc.
They are also called copular verbs .
Example– The mattress feels comfortable.
It seems beneficial.
Linking Verbs can be used as Action Verb also to describe specific action –
Example – He feels the comfort.
6. Stative Verbs – These Verbs describe a state of being or perception and can also be used to describe a mental, emotional and physical state .
Example – I believe in myself.
It seems to be necessary.
Your hear the voice .
They belong to the management team .
7. Dynamic Verbs – These verbs describe specific or temporary actions or events . They are also called action verbs .
Example – He writes poems .
She is sleeping now
8. Finite Verbs – These are the actual verbs that are called roots of the sentences and performed by or refer to a subject. These are used as per the form of tense , person and number .
Example – Sachin played cricket .
He is playing for his state .
Here the verbs, directly referring to the subject itself .
9. Non – finite Verbs or Infinitive Verbs – These are the verbs to indicate an action as a concept or idea rather than the specific action of subject .
These can work as nouns, adjectives, adverbs,etc in a sentence.
They don’t have any direct relation with the subject. They don’t change their forms as per number or person . These are also Verbals .
These verbs often follow the word ‘ to ‘ .
They can also be used as subject.
Example – Listening to songs is her only passion.
The teacher is teaching his students to write effortlessly.
He joined to complete the project .
10. Be Verbs – These are the verbs express state of being or state of existence.
These are – Present Tense ( am, is , are ) First person – I am, We are
Second person – You are
Third person singular number – He is
Third person plural number – They are
Past Tense – was , were
I was , You were , We were.
After the Third person singular number – He was
After the Third person plural number – They were.
Future Tense – will be .
I will be there in time .
You will be there to help him .
11. Auxiliary Verbs– Auxiliary verbs are also called helping verbs . They are used to modify another verb .These can be used to indicate taste, voice, mood and conjuga
ted for tense and person . These can be used to form negative statements, if used with not or never .
Example – be ,do , have
Example of sentences –
He is writing the letter.
They have done the job .
I did attend the class.
She is not attending the meeting.
12 . Modal Verbs – These are auxiliary verbs , used along with main verb to indicate ability, permission, possibility, necessity, obligation.They don’t change forms.
Some of these are – can, could, may, might, must, ought, shall, should, will , would .
Example of sentences –
He can take classes.
You should obey your parents.
I would like to listen to the speech .
You must be there to help him .
13. Phrasal Verbs – These are phrases formed by two or more words together and act as an individual verb . These generally combine a verb with an adverb or preposition to create new meaning .
Example – main verb – go . Preposition – on
These two combined to form – go on ( phrasal Verb )
Example – The matter will go on for a long time.
The matter is going on for a long time.
The matter should not go on for a long
time. ( Negative statement )
14 . Weak Verbs – These are the verbs end with d or t in their Past Indefinite or Past Participle form . They can seem to be same as regular verbs but not all weak verbs are regular verbs.
Example –
Present Indefinite to Past Indefinite
Spend – Spent, Work – Worked
15. Strong Verbs – These are the verbs whose vowels are changed to form Present Indefinite to Past Indefinite or Past Participle form. Like – i to a to u in the Present Indefinite to Past Indefinite to Past Participle.
Example –
Present Indefinite – Drink , Sing
Past Indefinite – Drank , Sang
Past Participle – Drunk, Sung
16. Reflexive Verbs – When the subject and object are the same and the verb reflects on the subject, that is known as Reflexive Verbs. These can often used with Reflexive Pronouns like myself, himself , yourself ,herself, itself etc
Example – I will do it myself.
He has turned it himself.
17. Ergative Verbs – These verbs can be used as Transitive and Intransitive Verb . They are also known as Labile Verb .
Example –
Transitive Verb – They closed the door.
Intransitive Verb – The door is closed.
18 . Lexical Verbs – These are principal or main verb of a sentence, take the major responsibility of a verb to represent the action of the Noun or Pronoun.
Example – She worked hard for her success.
He drove to his office .
19. De – Lexical Verbs – These verbs lack importance when it comes to meanings . These hardly have any meaning when used individually and the meaning is taken out of the Verbs and put into the Noun.
Example – have, make, give, take , etc .
Example of sentences – I have a new pen .
He took the chance .
They made preparation.
He gives advice to students.
20. Non – Continuous Verb – These are the verbs, can’t be used in their continuous forms.
Example – She love to sing – right sentence
She is loving to sing – wrong sentence. Can’t be used in continuous form .
21 . Intensive Verbs – These Verbs only focus on the subject. They are also called Linking or Copular Verbs.
Example – It seems nice .
You look gorgeous.
22. Extensive Verbs – These are the Verbs, don’t focus intensively on just the subject.
Example – They love teacher .
He walks too slow .
23 . Perception Verbs – These are verbs to indicate perception about something. Some of these are – see, hear, feel, watch, taste , etc.
Examples – He can hear the voice of nature .
He tasted the special dish of the restaurant.
