The Nobel Prize in 2021 โ
A. Physics –
1. Syukuro Manabe โ โfor the physical modelling of Earthโs climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warmingโ
2. Klaus Hasselmann-โ for the the physical modelling of Earthโs climate , quantifying variability and reliability predicting global warmingโ
3. Giorgio Parisi โ โ for the discovery of the interplay of disorder and fluctuations in physical systems from atomic to planetary scalesโ
B. Chemistry โ
1. Benjamin List โ
โfor the development of asymmetric organocatalysisโ
2. David W.C. Macmillan–
โfor the the development of of asymmetric organocatalysisโ
C. Physiology or Medicine –
1. David Julius โ โfor the their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touchโ
2. Ardem Patapoutian โโ for their discoveries of receptors for temperature and touchโ
D. Literature โ
1. Abdulrazak Gurnah โ
โFor his uncompromising and compassionate penetration of the effects of colonialism and the fate of the refugee in the gulf between culture and continentsโ
E. Peace โ
1. Maria Ressa โโfor their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peaceโ
2. Dmitry Andreyevich Muratov-โ for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression ,which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peaceโ
F. The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel โ
1. David Card โโ for his empirical contributions to labour economicsโ
2. Joshua D. Angrist– โfor their methodological contributions to the analysis of casual relationshipsโ
3. Guido W. Imbens-โfor their methodological contributions to the analysis of casual relationshipsโ
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