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What is Conjunction ?
Conjunction is a word that is used to connect words, phrases and clauses. It make a link between or among words or group of words to other parts of the sentence and express a relationship between or among them .

Example – and, but, because, or, if, when , etc.

Types of Conjunctions –

1 . Coordinating Conjunctions – These are used to connect two words, two phrases, or to independent clauses .

These are – for, and, nor,but,or, yet,so

These seven conjunctions can be remembered easily with the term FANBOYS.

Example – Connecting Words –

These can join two words which can be nouns, verbs, adjectives or other.

I like to read and listen .

They will take viva or demonstration.

Connecting Phrases–

I used to listen songs or audio stories.

The teacher reached in time and taught precisely.


Connecting Independent Clauses –

Rabindranath Tagore is world famous poet , and he achieved Nobel prize for Gitanjali.


Use of Punctuation related to Coordinating Conjunctions –

When we connect two words or two phrases we don’t use comma in between these .

Example – He is busy but attentive.

She is intelligent and working hard.

When we connect two Independent Clauses we should use comma before the conjunctions.

Example – They usually play football , but , they play cricket in winter .



2 .Subordinating Conjunctions – These are used to introduce a dependent clause . Some of these are- because, if, although, since, until, while .

These Conjunctions indicate relationship between clauses.

List of some of these with relationship they indicate-

Time – When, While, Since, Before, After,Until, Whenever, Once , As soon as, Now, Till, Now that, As long as

Place – where, wherever

Condition – If , If only, In case, Unless, Provided, Provided that, Assuming, Assuming that, Supposing

Cause and effect – Because, As, Since, In order to, In order that, In as much as, Why, Lest, So that

Contrast or Comparison – Whether, Although, Though, Whereas, Than, Rather than

Relativity – That, What, Whatever, Which, Whichever, Who, Whoever, Whom, Whomever, Whose

Opinion – Though, Although, Even, As though, As if, How


Example – I attended the office early because I had some pending works.

Because I had some pending works, I attended the office early .

Where they were practicing the drama, I visited the workshop.

Whatever the condition, I will be there in time.


Punctuation regarding Subordinating Conjunctions –

When this type of Conjunction follows an Independent Clause , often we don’t use comma.

Example– They will meet with you while you will be at airport .

When we use this type of Conjunction at the beginning of a sentence, we use a comma at the end of the Dependent Clause.

Example – While you will be at airport, they will meet with you.



3 .Correlative Conjunctions – These are used in a pair and join grammatically equal elements in a sentence.

Example -:neither – nor, either – or, not only- but also

Generally we don’t use comma between two elements.

Example of sentences –

His project was not only beautiful but also effective.

Neither you nor I will go there .


4 . Compound Conjunctions – These are Conjunctions having two or three parts and each and every part is not conjunctions individually . The parts are inseparable.

Example – I like reading as well as listening .

In order to take a decision, he need to think properly.




5 .Adverbial Conjunctions – These are used to connect two complete thoughts and act as Adverbs rather than Conjunctions. They are also called Conjunctive Adverbs.

List of Adverbial Conjunctions or Conjunctive Adverbs –

Time -: Since, Now, Before, Meanwhile, Lately

Effect – Accordingly, Consequently, Then, Hence, Therefore

To Compare – As, Like, Similarly, Likewise

To Contrast – But, Instead, Rather, In spite of, However

To Summarize – Briefly, In conclusion, Quickly, In Summary, Merely

To exemplify – For example, For instance, Namely, Typically, Representatively

To emphasize – Definitely, Certainly, Indeed, Of course, Undoubtedly


Sequence – First, Next, In addition, Finally, Furthermore, Moreover


Example of sentences –

You will join the service ; meanwhile, you can complete the course .

She was with her mother all the day; moreover, she looked after her mother with care.


Punctuation regarding Adverbial Conjunctions or Conjunctive Adverbs –

When we use Adverbial Conjunctions or Conjunctive Adverbs to join Independent Clauses we use semicolon before the Conjunction and comma after the Conjunction.