What is Conjunction ?
Conjunction is a word that is used to connect words, phrases and clauses. It make a link between or among words or group of words to other parts of the sentence and express a relationship between or among them .
Example – and, but, because, or, if, when , etc.
Types of Conjunctions –
1 . Coordinating Conjunctions – These are used to connect two words, two phrases, or to independent clauses .
These are – for, and, nor,but,or, yet,so
These seven conjunctions can be remembered easily with the term FANBOYS.
Example – Connecting Words –
These can join two words which can be nouns, verbs, adjectives or other.
I like to read and listen .
They will take viva or demonstration.
Connecting Phrases–
I used to listen songs or audio stories.
The teacher reached in time and taught precisely.
Connecting Independent Clauses –
Rabindranath Tagore is world famous poet , and he achieved Nobel prize for Gitanjali.
Use of Punctuation related to Coordinating Conjunctions –
When we connect two words or two phrases we don’t use comma in between these .
Example – He is busy but attentive.
She is intelligent and working hard.
When we connect two Independent Clauses we should use comma before the conjunctions.
Example – They usually play football , but , they play cricket in winter .
2 .Subordinating Conjunctions – These are used to introduce a dependent clause . Some of these are- because, if, although, since, until, while .
These Conjunctions indicate relationship between clauses.
List of some of these with relationship they indicate-
Time – When, While, Since, Before, After,Until, Whenever, Once , As soon as, Now, Till, Now that, As long as
Place – where, wherever
Condition – If , If only, In case, Unless, Provided, Provided that, Assuming, Assuming that, Supposing
Cause and effect – Because, As, Since, In order to, In order that, In as much as, Why, Lest, So that
Contrast or Comparison – Whether, Although, Though, Whereas, Than, Rather than
Relativity – That, What, Whatever, Which, Whichever, Who, Whoever, Whom, Whomever, Whose
Opinion – Though, Although, Even, As though, As if, How
Example – I attended the office early because I had some pending works.
Because I had some pending works, I attended the office early .
Where they were practicing the drama, I visited the workshop.
Whatever the condition, I will be there in time.
Punctuation regarding Subordinating Conjunctions –
When this type of Conjunction follows an Independent Clause , often we don’t use comma.
Example– They will meet with you while you will be at airport .
When we use this type of Conjunction at the beginning of a sentence, we use a comma at the end of the Dependent Clause.
Example – While you will be at airport, they will meet with you.
3 .Correlative Conjunctions – These are used in a pair and join grammatically equal elements in a sentence.
Example -:neither – nor, either – or, not only- but also
Generally we don’t use comma between two elements.
Example of sentences –
His project was not only beautiful but also effective.
Neither you nor I will go there .
4 . Compound Conjunctions – These are Conjunctions having two or three parts and each and every part is not conjunctions individually . The parts are inseparable.
Example – I like reading as well as listening .
In order to take a decision, he need to think properly.
5 .Adverbial Conjunctions – These are used to connect two complete thoughts and act as Adverbs rather than Conjunctions. They are also called Conjunctive Adverbs.
List of Adverbial Conjunctions or Conjunctive Adverbs –
Time -: Since, Now, Before, Meanwhile, Lately
Effect – Accordingly, Consequently, Then, Hence, Therefore
To Compare – As, Like, Similarly, Likewise
To Contrast – But, Instead, Rather, In spite of, However
To Summarize – Briefly, In conclusion, Quickly, In Summary, Merely
To exemplify – For example, For instance, Namely, Typically, Representatively
To emphasize – Definitely, Certainly, Indeed, Of course, Undoubtedly
Sequence – First, Next, In addition, Finally, Furthermore, Moreover
Example of sentences –
You will join the service ; meanwhile, you can complete the course .
She was with her mother all the day; moreover, she looked after her mother with care.
Punctuation regarding Adverbial Conjunctions or Conjunctive Adverbs –
When we use Adverbial Conjunctions or Conjunctive Adverbs to join Independent Clauses we use semicolon before the Conjunction and comma after the Conjunction.
